What is a proxy server?

This is the way I understand it and in very basic terms:

A proxy server is a second server that is placed between the publisher’s server and the web. If, for example, a publisher wanted to remain anonymous and not easily identifiable then although the IP address of the (proxy) server could be identified, only the owners of that (proxy) server would know who the actual publisher is. They could automatically route any site responses through to the publisher but only they would know who that is.

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